Friday, December 16, 2011

Ghadir Khumm

Here is a aī (Authentic) adīth that mentions the day of Ghadīr Khumm, and how the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) tells the people present to convey the message of Wilāyah to those who were not present. Also, this adīth shows the asbāb al-nuzul (cause of revelation) of two ayah (5:67 & 5:3) in the Qur’ān.

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَسُولَهُ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ- إِنَّما وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ وَ يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكاةَ وَ فَرَضَ وَلَايَةَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ فَلَمْ يَدْرُوا مَا هِيَ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّداً ص أَنْ يُفَسِّرَ لَهُمُ الْوَلَايَةَ كَمَا فَسَّرَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَ الزَّكَاةَ وَ الصَّوْمَ وَ الْحَجَّ فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ ضَاقَ بِذَلِكَ صَدْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ تَخَوَّفَ أَنْ يَرْتَدُّوا عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُوهُ فَضَاقَ صَدْرُهُ وَ رَاجَعَ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ- يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَصَدَعَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ فَقَامَ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ع يَوْمَ غَدِيرِ خُمٍّ فَنَادَى الصَّلَاةَ جَامِعَةً وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُبَلِّغَ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ

From Zurārah, al-Fudayl bin Yasār, Bukayr bin A`yan, Muhammad bin Muslim, Burayd bin Mu`āwiyah, and Abī Jarūd from Abī Ja`far (عليه السلام) said: “Allāh (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) commanded his Messenger (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) with wilāyah of `Alī, and revealed to him (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) Only Allāh, His Messenger, and those believers who establish al-Salāh and pay al-Zakāh.’ (5:55) He has made wilāyah of the Ulil Amr fard (mandatory), and they (the people) did not know who they were. Allāh commanded Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) that he explains to them al-Wilāyah like he has explained to them al-Salāh, al-Zakāh, al-Sawm, al-Hajj. So when this came to him from Allāh, He tightened with that the Messenger of Allāh’s (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) chest, and he became frightened that people will apostate from their religion and they would (accuse) him of lying, and his chest became tightened, and he (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) returned to his Lord (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ), and Allāh (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) revealed (wahy) to him - ‘O Messenger, convey what is revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not do so, it will be as though you have not conveyed My message. Allāh protects you from men.’ (5:67). So he (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) executed the command of Allāh (تعالى), and he mentioned and established the wilāyah of `Alī (عليه السلام) on the day of Ghadīr, and he called for a congregational salāh and commanded the people to convey what they witnessed to the absentees (i.e. convey the news of Wilāyah of `Alī to those who are not present)”


قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالُوا جَمِيعاً غَيْرَ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ كَانَتِ الْفَرِيضَةُ تَنْزِلُ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ الْأُخْرَى وَ كَانَتِ الْوَلَايَةُ آخِرَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا أُنْزِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةً قَدْ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمُ الْفَرَائِضَ

`Umar bin Udhaynah said, everyone except Abī Jarood has said that Abū Ja`far (عليه السلام) said: “A Fareeḍah would be revealed after another fareeḍah, and the Wilāyah was the last farḍ. And Allāh (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) revealed - ‘On this day I have perfected your religion, completed My favors to you’ (5:3)”. Abū Ja`far (عليه السلام) said: “Allāh (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) said: ‘I will not reveal to you after this farḍ (Wilāyah of Imām `Alī), because I have completed for you the farā’id (pl. of farḍ)’”
Source:
1.     Al-Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, ed. `Alī Akbar al-Ghaffārī, 8 vols., (Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, 3rd Edition, 1388 AH), vol. 1, pg. 289, hadeeth # 4
Grading:
1.     Al-Majlisī said this ḥadīth is Hasan (Good)
à Mir’āt Al-`Uqūl, 26 vols., (Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, 1410 AH), vol. 3, pg. 250
2.     Hadī al-Najafī said this ḥadīth is Ṣaḥīḥ Sanad (Authentic Chain of Narrators)
à Mawsū`ah Aḥādīth Ahl al-Bayt, vol. 8, pg. 415

7 comments:

  1. Salam Alaikum

    ‘On this day I have perfected your religion, completed My favors to you’ (5:3)

    I wonder one thing about the Imamate (I am Shia Muslim by the way). Referred to this verse (5:3) onløy about the successor to the Prophet, Imam Ali, or the other imams to?
    Because it is little wonder that the prophet only say "follow Imam Ali," and not follow the "12 Imams". The verse 5:3 tells us that Allah has given what he will give us.


    One other thing. Is it wrong for a Shia Muslim to say that we only follow the prophet (s)?

    It is more correct to say that we follow both the Prophet and Imams(as), right?

    An example: The imams tell us that it is mustahab to do Ziarat of Imam Hussain. The imams have said that, not the holy prohet. There are some Imams have said, and not tThe same to goes to mourn Imam Hussain's death.

    I am a bit confused. Since verse 5:3 tells us that God has told us everything. It is nothing to "add more" in the religion.

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  2. Salamu Alaikom,

    I'm concerned about the following:

    "and that he lied to them,"

    Can you clarify this please?
    Did the prophet (pbuh) lie to the people?

    Isn't this a bit strange, to say the least?

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  3. Jazakallah for all your efforts Brother Nader. I have discovered your blog recently, and im greatly impressed by your articles. May Allah increase your reward and taufiqat!!

    In answer to the above comment, the 'Favour' mentioned in (5:3)is considered the Wilaya of the Ahlulbayt in general ie succession of the 12 Imams. Imam Ali(as) is one of the 'particulars' of this. Im sure once brother Nader has some time he can elaborate.

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  4. Assalaamu `Alaykum,

    @Anonymous 1:
    The Prophet (SAWAS) has already made clear to follow 12 caliphs, he wanted to establish the Wilaayah of `Alee, and if you follow `Alee, he will tell you to go follow al-Hasan, and so on and so forth.

    And the aHaadeeth of the A'immah are from the Prophet (pbuh), It never deviates. So because there are no narrations in our books now, that are from the Prophet but we have a narration from the A'immah, doesn't mean the Prophet never said it. The A'immah (AS) knowledge is inherited.

    @Anonymous 2:
    I have fixed the English a little bit, here is what it says now:

    "he became frightened that people will apostate from their religion and they would (accuse) him of lying"

    Basically they would start to bring false accusations about the Prophet.

    Sayyid AK:
    Thank you brother, there are about 190+ blog posts on my blog, check the archives on the right, if you haven't read all my posts.

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  5. Jazakallah brother Nader, Allah (GOD) bless you.

    sunni reference Maidah 67:http://velayet.wordpress.com/tag/teblig-ayeti/
    sunni reference Maidah 3: http://velayet.wordpress.com/tag/ikmal-ayeti/

    isnad sahih.

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    Replies
    1. Assalamualaikum, very informative

      I have a question, if Rasulullah saw had explained about wilayah Ali ra, then why he has requested 'Abbas at the first place??

      حجر علي (عليه السلام)، والبيت غاص بمن فيه من المهاجرين والأنصار، والعباس قاعد قدامه، فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): يا عباس، أتقبل وصيتي، وتقضي ديني، وتنجز موعدي؟!

      فقال: إني امرؤ كبير السن، كثير العيال، لا مال لي.

      فأعادها عليه ثلاثاً كل ذلك يردها عليه.

      فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): سأعطيها رجلاً يأخذها بحقها، لا يقول مثل ما تقول ثم قال: يا علي أتقبل وصيتي، وتقضي ديني، وتنجز موعدي؟!

      قال: فخنقته العبرة، ولم يستطع أن يجيبه، ولقد رأى رأس رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) يذهب ويجيء في حجره.

      ثم أعاد عليه.

      فقال له علي (عليه السلام): نعم بأبي أنت وأمي يا رسول الله.

      Source: Kitab al sahih min seerat Imam Ali ,p. 301-302 by Jafar Murtaza Aamili

      http://www.haydarya.com/maktaba_moktasah/05/book_27/11.html

      And in Bihar al-Anwar

      ل صلى الله عليه وآله : ( 1 ) "يا عم رسول الله تقبل وصيتي ، وتنجز عدتي ، وتقضي ديني ؟ "فقال العباس : يا رسول الله عمك شيخ كبير ، ذو عيال كثير ، وأنت تباري الريح سخاء وكرما ، وعليك وعد لا ينهض به عمك ، فأقبل على علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام ( 2 ) فقال له : "يا أخي تقبل وصيتي ، وتنجز عدتي ، وتقضي عني ديني ، وتقوم بأمر أهلي من بعدي ؟ " فقال : نعم يا رسول الله

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    2. answer: http://velayet.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/ey-amca-benim-vasim-ol-hadisi-hakkindaki-suphelere-cevap/

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